Learning new information and skills is a lifelong endeavor for most, and even more so for those studying and working in medicine. But what are the most effective methods to ensure we retain knowledge and learn deeply? The book Make It Stick: The Science of Successful Learning by Brown, Roediger, and McDaniel analyzes research on memory and learning to reveal effective study techniques. As we have done with our other reviews, this article summarizes key insights from the book to actionably apply to your learning today.
Synopsis
Make It Stick encourages learners to use research-backed methods. Make It Stick provides learners with science-based study strategies for deeper, long-lasting learning and skill application. Make It Stick synthesizes compelling research demonstrating that retrieval-based, effortful learning techniques confer true subject mastery and skill development compared to repetitive studying or reading.
About Make It Stick
Make It Stick challenges common assumptions about learning being easier through repetitive reading or cramming. Instead, it advocates methods like:
- Retrieval practice through self-testing
- Interleaving different topics and problem types
- Embracing difficulties during practice
Published in 2014, the book draws on cognitive psychology research and principles to provide science-based learning strategies.
Core Concepts on Effective Learning
Make It Stick debunks myths around passive learning and introduces powerful techniques such as:
Spaced Retrieval Practice
- Self-testing through flashcards or practice questions improves long-term retention better than repetitive studying or reading.
- Providing feedback after testing boosts learning.
- Gradually increasing intervals between retrieval practices utilizes spacing and prevents forgetting.
Interleaved Practice
- Mixing up practice problems of different types is more effective than practicing the same skill repeatedly.
- Interleaving enhances the ability to discern problem types and select appropriate solutions.
Embracing Difficulties
- Generation of answers and effortful retrieval strengthens memory despite feeling less productive.
- Mistakes allow improvement – their analysis reinforces learning.
- Some difficulties, like challenging practice, are desirable.
5 Key Takeaways for Learners
Make It Stick offers insights both students and lifelong learners can apply:
- Avoid Illusions of Knowing: Rereading feels productive but doesn’t confer true mastery of concepts.
- Test Yourself: Use practice questions, flashcards, and reflection to actively retrieve and apply information.
- Vary Your Practice: Interleave different but related topics and problem types instead of mass practice.
- Make It Difficult: Generating answers and correcting errors cements learning much more than a passive review.
- Reflect on Mistakes: Analyze errors to understand the principles behind solutions.
Highly Recommended Read
With a rating of 4.0/5 stars, I highly recommend making it stick. It is worthwhile for general readers interested in leveling up their learning. The book challenges conventional thinking on learning to focus more on evidence-based methods to maximize our time learning.
Avoid passive review and buy a copy of this great book today.
